Salt, sugar and fat are the big hitters and in isolation there’s nothing wrong with each of these ingredients, yet when combined and/or consumed in large amounts they become a problem.
Protein, starch and umami (soy sauce is a umami flavour) are much less of an issue yet they can bump up the taste profile a fair bit, but most often when they’re combined with the ‘big 3.’
A super simple and straight forward way to make food decisions is by sticking to mainly single/minimal ingredient whole foods that you put together yourself and when you do, do your best not to combine too much salt, sugar and fat in a single meal.